Kedu ihe bụ PCR na gịnị kpatara o ji dị mkpa?

PCR, ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume yinye polymerase, bụ usoro eji eme ka usoro DNA dịkwuo elu.Nke mbụ mepụtara ya na 1980 site n'aka Kary Mullis, onye e nyere ihe nrite Nobel na Chemistry na 1993 maka ọrụ ya.PCR agbanweela usoro ihe omimi ihe omimi, na-enyere ndị nyocha aka ịbawanye DNA site na obere nlele ma mụọ ya nke ọma.

PCR bụ usoro nzọụkwụ atọ nke na-eme na igwe na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ, igwe nke nwere ike ịgbanwe ngwa ngwa okpomọkụ nke ngwakọta mmeghachi omume.Nzọụkwụ atọ bụ denaturation, annealing, na ndọtị.
 
Na nzọụkwụ mbụ, denaturation, DNA nwere eriri abụọ na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu (na-emekarị ihe dịka 95 Celsius) iji mebie njikọ hydrogen nke na-ejikọta eriri abụọ ahụ ọnụ.Nke a na-ebute mkpụrụ ndụ DNA abụọ nwere otu eriri.
 
N'ọkwa nke abụọ, mgbakasị ahụ, a na-ebelata okpomọkụ ruo ihe dị ka 55 Celsius C iji mee ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-agbanye na usoro mmekọ na DNA nwere otu eriri.Ndabere bụ mpempe DNA dị mkpụmkpụ nke emebere ka ọ dabara na usoro mmasị na DNA ebumnuche.
 
Na nzọụkwụ nke atọ, ndọtị, a na-ebuli okpomọkụ ahụ na gburugburu 72 ° C iji kwe ka Taq polymerase (ụdị DNA polymerase) mee ka DNA ọhụrụ dị na primers.A na-enweta Taq polymerase site na nje bacteria na-ebi na mmiri ọkụ ma nwee ike iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu nke eji na PCR.

Mgbe otu okirikiri nke PCR gasịrị, nsonaazụ ya bụ nbipụta abụọ nke usoro DNA lekwasịrị anya.Site n'ịmeghachi usoro atọ ahụ maka ọtụtụ okirikiri (nke na-adịkarị 30-40), ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnomi nke usoro DNA ebumnuche nwere ike ịba ụba nke ukwuu.Nke a pụtara na ọbụna ntakịrị ihe mmalite DNA nwere ike mụbaa iji mepụta nde ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ ijeri.

 
PCR nwere ọtụtụ ngwa na nyocha na nyocha.A na-eji ya na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iji mụọ ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mmụgharị, na nyocha nyocha iji nyochaa ihe akaebe DNA, nchọpụta ọrịa na-efe efe iji chọpụta ọnụnọ nke nje, yana n'ime nyocha nke ime nwa iji nyocha maka nsogbu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na nwa ebu n'afọ.
 
Emezikwara PCR maka ojiji n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche, dị ka PCR quantitative (qPCR), nke na-enye ohere ịlele ọnụọgụ DNA wee tụgharịa PCR transcription (RT-PCR), nke enwere ike iji mee ka usoro RNA gbasaa.

N'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ ngwa ya, PCR nwere oke.Ọ na-achọ ihe ọmụma nke usoro ebumnuche na nhazi nke primers kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ pụkwara ịdị mfe na-ezighị ezi ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ka ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dịkwuo mma.Agbanyeghị, site na iji nlezianya na-eme nnwale na ogbugbu, PCR na-anọgide na-abụ otu n'ime ngwaọrụ kachasị ike na bayoloji molecular.